Selecionamos as questões mais relevantes da prova de vestibular URCA 2017/2. Confira! * Obs.: a ordem e número das questões aqui não são iguais às da prova original.
VEGAN VS VEGETARIAN – WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE? By Alina Petre
Vegetarian diets have reportedly been around since as early as 700 B.C. Several types exist and individuals may practice them for a variety of reasons, including health, ethics, environmentalism and religion. Vegan diets are a little more recent, but are getting a good amount of press.
What is a vegetarian diet?
According to the Vegetarian Society, a vegetarian is someone who does not eat any meat, poultry, game, fish, shellfish or byproducts of animal slaughter. Vegetarian diets contain various levels of fruits, vegetables, grains, pulses, nuts and seeds. The inclusion of dairy and eggs depends on the type of diet you follow.
The most common types of vegetarians include:
• Lactoovo vegetarians: Vegetarians who avoid all animal flesh, but do consume dairy and egg products. • Lacto vegetarians: Vegetarians who avoid animal flesh and eggs, but do consume dairy products. • Ovo vegetarians: Vegetarians who avoid all animal products except eggs. • Vegans: Vegetarians who avoid all animal and animalderived products.
Those who do not eat meat or poultry but do consume fish are considered pescatarians, whereas parttime vegetarians are often referred to as flexitarians.
Although sometimes considered vegetarians, pescatarians and flexitarians do eat animal flesh. Therefore, they do not technically fall under the definition of vegetarianism.
From: https://goo.gl/n9yEy1. Accessed on 03/22/2017
Accordingto the text, it is right to say that:
Vegan diet is as old as vegetarian diet;
No one knows how long vegetarian diet exists;
There are many types of vegan diet;
Vegetarian diet followers have different types of justification;
Health is the only reason people choose a vegan diet.
A vegan would easily eat:
oysters, milk and honey;
shrimp, honey and carrots;
rice, beans and vegetables;
saussage, pasta and leaves;
ham, cheese and eggs.
The main difference between a vegan and a vegetarian is that:
A vegan doesn´t eat or drink any kind of product derived from animals;
Occasionally, vegans may eat some kinds of animal meat, but not vegetarians;
There´s no difference between vegans and vegetarians, since both don´t eat meat;
Vegans eat dairy products, but vegetarians don´t;
Vegans eat fish and dairy products, while vegetarians eat just dairy products.
Why can´t pescatarians and flexitarians be considered vegetarians?
Because they eat dairy products and eggs;
Because they don´t eat vegetables, leaves and grains;
Because although they don´t eat poultry or meat, they eat fish;
Because sometimes they consume products of animal slaughter;
Because they include fish in their everyday diet.
The pronoun them (first paragraph) refers to:
reasons
vegetarian diets
individuals
ethics
health and religion
IS A VEGAN DIET HEALTHY? By Mary Lynch
As a registered nutritionist, the question “Is the vegan diet healthy?” is one I get all the time, especially at this time of year.
Frustratingly, the answer is that it depends as much on what you eat as with any other diet. Someone living purely on ready salted crisps or chips, for example, would be technically following a vegan diet, but it would in no way be healthy.
However, research shows that there are potential benefits to a vegan diet. A recent study indicated that the average vegan diet is higher in vitamin C and fibre, and lower in saturated fat than one containing meat. In addition, statistics show that vegans have a lower BMI (heighttoweight ratio) than meat eaters – in other words, they are skinnier.
You see, a diet without any meat or dairy products is likely to contain a lot less saturated fat, which is related to increased cholesterol levels and increased risk of heart disease. We also know that fat contains more calories per gram than other foods, and so vegans may consume fewer calories as a result. Finally, a vegan diet is generally thought to contain more cereals, fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds than a nonvegan diet.
Sounds great right? Not quite. In terms of micronutrients, a vegan diet is actually more susceptible to being nutritionally poor. A vegan diet is naturally low in calcium, vitamin D, iron, vitamin B12, zinc and omega3 fatty acids. Therefore, if you follow a vegan diet it is essential that you get enough of these nutrients through specific vegan food sources – and may even need to take additional supplements. We have many recipes suitable for vegans that can help, just check out our vegan section. In our features we also have this traditional hummus recipe, which contains tahini – a good source of calcium, zinc and iron, which are all micronutrients hard to get a hold of on a vegan diet.
So there you have it: going vegan does not necessarily mean you are going to be healthier. In fact, I think that much of the improvement in diets among vegans is a result of education rather than going meat free. In other words, if someone chooses to go vegan they are more likely to care about what they are eating and therefore are more likely to educate themselves on the types of foods they should and should not be eating.
From: https://goo.gl/AwDYY7. Accessed on 03/22/2017.
According to the text, it is right to say that:
Salty crisps and chips are examples of vegan food;
Vegan diet is far better for our health than any other diet;
Eating meat and dairy products doesn´t bring any benefit for healthy;
Any kind of vegan diet can provide all the micronutrients our body needs;
Calcium, zinc and iron are micronutrients easily found on a vegan diet.
According to the text, meat and dairy products:
are extremely necessary to keep people healthy;
are responsible for controlling the levels of sugar in our body;
are regularly eaten by vegans all over the world;
are most consumed in countries under development;
are usually responsible for rising our levels of cholesterol.
What is the alert the text makes about a vegan diet?
It may lower the levels of cholesterol drastically;
It usually doesn´t contain all the micronutrients our body needs;
It contains high quantities of Vitamin B12 and zinc;
It often provokes heart attack in old people;
It needs to be recommended by a nutritionist.
According to the text, people who follow a vegan diet:
need a doctor´s prescription to buy additional supplements;
sometimes need to take additional supplements;
never buy food without reading the labels;
must include hummus in their diet;
has to organize her/his own menu for each day.
The suffix –y in the words healthy (1st paragraph) and fatty (5th paragraph) gives the idea of:
before
absent
full of
same
small